Ethical and Legal Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Target Audience: Pharmacy Tech
Course Overview
Artificial intelligence in healthcare has outgrown the current ethical and legal structures governing the delivery of healthcare in the United States and worldwide, potentially eroding the protection of patient autonomy and privacy. As artificial intelligence technologies become more complex, they give rise to “black box medicine,” making it difficult, if not impossible, to understand how these technologies work. This threatens patient autonomy since patients are not able to be informed sufficiently to enable them to make and consent to their healthcare decisions. Protecting patients’ privacy is also problematic since artificial intelligence relies heavily on data collection and sharing. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence is permanently part of healthcare. The goal is to use it to deliver safer and more effective healthcare, leading to improved patient outcomes while promoting fairness, protecting patient autonomy and privacy, and mitigating potential conflicts of interest.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this educational activity, participants should be able to:
- Identify how Artificial Intelligence systems make healthcare
- Describe the ethical challenges to using Artificial Intelligence in healthcare
- Describe the legal challenges to using Artificial Intelligence in healthcare
- Review the role of Artificial Intelligence in the pharmacy setting
Faculty
I. Introduction
II. A Brief Overview of Artificial Intelligence
III. Artificial Intelligence and Its Use in Healthcare
IV. Ethical and Legal Considerations
1. Informed Consent
2. Transparency
3. Privacy
4. Fairness
5. Safety
6. Liability
V. Artificial Intelligence in the Pharmacy Setting
VI. Implications for Pharmacists and Future Directions
VII. Summary
From November 28, 2023 through November 28, 2026, participants must:
- Read the "learning objectives" and "author and planning team disclosures"
- Study the section entitled "educational activity"
- Complete the Course Test and Evaluation form. The Course Test will be graded automatically. Following successful completion of the Course Test with a score of 70% or higher, a statement of participation will be made available immediately. (No partial credit will be given.)
Credit for this course will be automatically uploaded to CPE Monitor®.
Faculty Planner Disclosure
The following individuals were involved in developing this activity: Steven Malen, PharmD, MBA, and Pamela Sardo, PharmD, BS. Pamela Sardo, Pharm.D., B.S., was an employee of Rhythm Pharmaceuticals until March 2022 and has no conflicts of interest or relationships regarding the subject matter discussed. There are no financial relationships relevant to this activity to report or disclose by any of the individuals involved in the development of this activity.
Unlabeled Use Disclosure
The information provided in this course is general in nature and it is solely designed to provide participants with continuing education credit(s). This course and materials are not meant to substitute for the independent, professional judgment of any participant regarding that participant’s professional practice, including but not limited to patient assessment, diagnosis, treatment and/or health management. Medical and pharmacy practices, rules, and laws vary from state to state, and this course does not cover the laws of each state; therefore, participants must consult the laws of their state as they relate to their professional practice. Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, must consult with their employer, healthcare facility, hospital, or other organization, for guidelines, protocols, and procedures they are to follow. The information provided in this course does not replace those guidelines, protocols, and procedures but is for academic purposes only, and this course’s limited purpose is for the completion of continuing education credits. Participants are advised and acknowledge that information related to medications, their administration, dosing, contraindications, adverse reactions, interactions, warnings, precautions, or accepted uses are constantly changing, and any person taking this course understands that such person must make an independent review of medication information prior to any patient assessment, diagnosis, treatment and/or health management. Any discussion of off-label use of any medication, device, or procedure is informational only and such uses are not endorsed hereby. Nothing contained in this course represents the opinions, views, judgments, or conclusions of RxCe.com LLC. RxCe.com LLC is not liable or responsible to any person for any inaccuracy, error, or omission with respect to this course, or course material.
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Accreditation
In support of improving patient care, RxCE.com is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.
PTCB Recognition
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