Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic respiratory lung condition. It results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that can lead to lung damage over time. Symptoms include dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, which may be due to abnormalities of the airways or alveoli, leading to progressive airflow obstruction. Pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle changes can help to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Choosing medications for a patient should be individualized, with the availability, cost, side effects, and clinical response all being considered.